Kinase Group AGC
Contents
Kinase Classification:AGC Group]
This is a stub for the AGC group page. Please register and edit if you feel you can improve this (which you almost certainly can!). The AGC group is named after the protein kinase A, G, and C families (PKA, PKC, PKG) which have a long history as cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinases that are regulated by secondary messengers such as cyclic AMP (PKA) or lipids (PKC)
PKA
Protein Kinase A/ cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (cAPK), activated by cAMP production downstream of G protein coupled receptors, and other stimuli. Multiple members found in all eukaryotic kinomes.
PKC
Protein Kinase C. This is a large family with several subfamilies that are responsive to lipid signaling.
PKG
Protein Kinase G, or cGMP-dependent protein kinase. Implicated in several functions, including smooth muscle and platelet biology.
PKN
Protein Kinase N. Found in metazoans, with three copies in mammals, with only the mammalian PKN1 (PRK1) characterized. The C-terminal kinase domain is very similar to PKC, but these also have and N-terminal antiparallel coiled-coil structure (HR1 domain) that binds and is activated by Rho. This domain is also seen in the DMPK family and in the single yeast PKC gene (PKC1), which suggests a dual function for PKC1 (it also has the C1 and C2 domains typical of PKC).
PDK1
A key component in transducing signals from phosphoinsoitides (from Insulin and various growth signals) to several other AGC-Group kinases including Akt, SGK, PKC and RSK members, as well as mTOR.
AKT and SGK
Akt (also known as Protein Kinase B, PKB) is downstream of PDK1 in insulin and growth factor signaling. Akt proteins include lipid-binding PH domains, while the closely related SGK (Serum and Glucocortioid induced Kinases) kinases lack this domain.
RSK and RSKL
Ribosomal protein S6 Kinases. RSKL is a poorly-examined family whose sequences are quite close to RSK.
GRK
G-protein-coupled receptor kinases. As the name replies, they modulate GPCRs, including the rhodopsin light-sensitive GPCR, and a variety of neurotransmitter receptors.
NDR and MAST
DMPK
YANK
A family about which so little is known, it stands for "Yet Another Novel Kinase". Interestingly, flies and worms have YANK kinases as well as vertebrates, so while it's little known, it's clearly essential to metazoan living.
